Introduction To Oil And Gas Operational Safety

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This book aims to provide a sound breadth of underpinned knowledge that will give the reader a foundation of understanding how to manage operational risks effectively within the oil and gas industry. It is aimed at those people who work, or who have aspirations to work, in the oil and gas sector either onshore or offshore. This book covers the breadth and depth of oil and gas operational safety. This book guides the reader through the principles of how to manage operational risks, carefully conveying a technical subject in a clear, concise manner that readers will find comfortable to read and understand. This book is undoubtedly an essential tool to enhance your understanding of operational safety within the oil and gas industry. Acknowledgements Illustrations credits List of abbreviations Introduction to learning outcomes and command words How to use this book and what it covers 1 Health, safety and environmental management in context: learning from Incidents 2 Health, safety and environmental management in context: hazards inherent in oil and gas 3 Health, safety and environmental management in context: risk management techniques used in the oil and gas industries 4 Health, safety and environmental management in context: an organization's documented evidence to provide a convincing and valid argument that a system is adequately 5 Hydrocarbon process safety 1: contract management 6 Hydrocarbon process safety 1: process safety management 7 Hydrocarbon process safety 1: role and purpose of a permit-to-work system 8 Hydrocarbon process safety 1: key principles of safe shift handover 9 Hydrocarbon process safety 1: plant operations and maintenance 10 Hydrocarbon process safety 1: start-up and shutdown 11 Hydrocarbon process safety 2: failure modes 12 Hydrocarbon process safety 2: other types of failures 13 Hydrocarbon process safety 2: safety critical equipment controls 14 Hydrocarbon process safety 2: safe containment of hydrocarbons 15 Hydrocarbon process safety 2: fire hazards, risks and controls 16 Hydrocarbon process safety 2: furnace and boiler operations 17 Fire protection and emergency response: fire and explosion in the oil and gas industries 18 Fire protection and emergency response: emergency response 19 Logistics and transport operations: marine transport 20 Logistics and transport operations: land transport Revision and assessment guide Index

Lectures In Quantum Mechanics

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by Luigi E. Picasso (Author) Based on a series of university lectures on nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, this textbook covers a wide range of topics, from the birth of quantum mechanics to the fine-structure levels of heavy atoms. The author sets out from the crisis in classical physics and explores the seminal ideas of Einstein, Bohr, and de Broglie and their vital importance for the development of quantum mechanics. There follows a bottom-up presentation of the postulates of quantum mechanics through real experiments (such as those of neutron interferometry), with consideration of their most important consequences, including applications in the field of atomic physics. A final chapter is devoted to the paradoxes of quantum mechanics, and particularly those aspects that are still open and hotly debated, to end up with a mention to Bell's theorem and Aspect's experiments. In presenting the principles of quantum mechanics in an inductive way, this book has already proved very popular with students in its Italian language version.It complements the exercises and solutions book "Problems in Quantum Mechanics", by E. d'Emilio, L.E. Picasso (Springer). Luigi Picasso is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Pisa, Italy. He currently teaches courses on Studies in Mathematics, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, and Complements of Physics. Professor Picasso has numerous publications to his name and together with Emilio d’Emilio he co-authored the Springer book "Problems in Quantum Mechanics with Solutions" (2011). 82 illus. Quantum Physics Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics

Tribology In Sheet Rolling Technology

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by Akira Azushima (Author) This book provides an in-depth description of the fundamental tribological aspects of cold and hot sheet rollings. The author describes new developments in the rolling processes, the rolling oils, the rolling rolls and the structural materials resulting from sheet rolling technology and their practical applications. The author includes comprehensive details on both friction and lubrication in rolling. is a Professor Emeritus at Yokohama National University in Japan. 380 illus., 31 in colour

Ultrashort Pulse Laser Technology

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by Stefan Nolte (Editor), Frank Schrempel (Editor), Friedrich Dausinger (Editor) Ultrashort laser pulses with durations in the femtosecond range up to a few picoseconds provide a unique method for precise materials processing or medical applications. Paired with the recent developments in ultrashort pulse lasers, this technology is finding its way into various application fields. The book gives a comprehensive overview of the principles and applications of ultrashort pulse lasers, especially applied to medicine and production technology. Recent advances in laser technology are discussed in detail. This covers the development of reliable and cheap low power laser sources as well as high average power ultrashort pulse lasers for large scale manufacturing. The fundamentals of laser-matter-interaction as well as processing strategies and the required system technology are discussed for these laser sources with respect to precise materials processing. Finally, different applications within medicine, measurement technology or materials processing are highlighted. 147 illus., 80 in colour Laser Technology and Physics, Photonics Classical Electrodynamics, Wave Phenomena Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films Medical and Radiation Physics

Energy-Efficient Vcsels For Optical Interconnects

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by Philip Moser (Author) This dissertation provides the first systematic analysis of the dynamic energy efficiency of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for optical interconnects, a key technology to address the pressing ecological and economic issues of the exponentially growing energy consumption in data centers. Energy-efficient data communication is one of the most important fields in “Green Photonics” enabling higher bit rates at significantly reduced energy consumption per bit. In this thesis the static and dynamic properties of GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm and 980 nm are analyzed and general rules for achieving energy-efficient data transmission using VCSELs at any wavelength are derived. These rules are verified in data transmission experiments leading to record energy-efficient data transmission across a wide range of multimode optical fiber distances and at high temperatures up to 85°C. Important trade-offs between energy efficiency, temperature stability, modulation bandwidth, low current-density operation and other VCSEL properties are revealed and discussed. 88 illus., 17 in colour Laser Technology and Physics, Photonics Semiconductors Energy Efficiency (incl. Buildings) Communications Engineering, Networks Information Storage and Retrieval

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics: Foundations And Applications

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`Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: Foundations and Applications' builds from basic principles to advanced techniques, and covers the major phenomena, methods, and results of time-dependent systems. It is a pedagogic introduction, a comprehensive reference manual, and an original research monograph. Uniquely, the book treats time-dependent systems by close analogy with their static counterparts, with most of the familiar results of equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics being generalized and applied to the non-equilibrium case. The book is notable for its unified treatment of thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, stochastic processes, and statistical mechanics, for its self-contained, coherent derivation of a variety of non-equilibrium theorems, and for its quantitative tests against experimental measurements and computer simulations. Systems that evolve in time are more common than static systems, and yet until recently they lacked any over-arching theory. 'Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics' is unique in its unified presentation of the theory of non-equilibrium systems, which has now reached the stage of quantitative experimental and computational verification. The novel perspective and deep understanding that this book brings offers the opportunity for new direction and growth in the study of time-dependent phenomena. 'Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics' is an invaluable reference manual for experts already working in the field. Research scientists from different disciplines will find the overview of time-dependent systems stimulating and thought-provoking. Lecturers in physics and chemistry will be excited by many fresh ideas and topics, insightful explanations, and new approaches. Graduate students will benefit from its lucid reasoning and its coherent approach, as well as from the chem12physof mathematical techniques, derivations, and computer algorithms.

Development Of An Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Setup

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This book presents an Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (ULEED) system that reveals ultrafast structural changes on the atomic scale. The achievable temporal resolution in the low-energy regime is improved by several orders of magnitude and has enabled the melting of a highly-sensitive, molecularly thin layer of a polymer crystal to be resolved for the first time. This new experimental approach permits time-resolved structural investigations of systems that were previously partially or totally inaccessible, including surfaces, interfaces and atomically thin films. It will be of fundamental importance for understanding the properties of nanomaterials so as to tailor their properties.

Archaeoastronomy: Introduction To The Science Of Stars And Stones

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This book provides the first complete, easy to read, up-to-date account of the fascinating discipline of archaeoastronomy, in which the relationship between ancient constructions and the sky is studied in order to gain a better understanding of the ideas of the architects of the past and of their religious and symbolic worlds. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which explores the past relations between astronomy and people, power, the afterworld, architecture, and landscape. The fundamentals of archaeoastronomy are then addressed in detail, with coverage of the celestial coordinates; the apparent motion of the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets; observation of celestial bodies at the horizon; the use of astronomical software in archaeoastronomy; and current methods for making and analyzing measurements. The final section reviews what archaeoastronomy can now tell us about the nature and purpose of such sites and structures as Stonehenge, the Pyramids of Giza, Chichen Itza, the Campus Martius, and the Valley of the Temples of Agrigento. In addition, a set of exercises is provided that can be performed using non-commercial free software, e.g., Google Earth or Stellarium, and will equip readers to conduct their own research. Readers will find the book an ideal introduction to what has become a wide-ranging multidisciplinary science.

General Theory Of Light Propagation And Imaging Through The Atmosphere

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This book lays out a new, general theory of light propagation and imaging through Earth’s turbulent atmosphere. Current theory is based on the – now widely doubted – assumption of Kolmogorov turbulence. The new theory is based on a generalized atmosphere, the turbulence characteristics of which can be established, as needed, from readily measurable properties of point-object, or star, images. The pessimistic resolution predictions of Kolmogorov theory led to lax optical tolerance prescriptions for large ground-based astronomical telescopes which were widely adhered to in the 1970s and 1980s. Around 1990, however, it became clear that much better resolution was actually possible, and Kolmogorov tolerance prescriptions were promptly abandoned. Most large telescopes built before 1990 have had their optics upgraded (e.g., the UKIRT instrument) and now achieve, without adaptive optics (AO), almost an order of magnitude better resolution than before. As well as providing a more comprehensive and precise understanding of imaging through the atmosphere with large telescopes (both with and without AO), the new general theory also finds applications in the areas of laser communications and high-energy laser beam propagation.

1St Karl Schwarzschild Meeting On Gravitational Physics

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These proceedings collect the selected contributions of participants of the First Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics, held in Frankfurt, Germany to celebrate the 140th anniversary of Schwarzschild's birth. They are grouped into 4 main themes: I. The Life and Work of Karl Schwarzschild; II. Black Holes in Classical General Relativity, Numerical Relativity, Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Alternative Theories of Gravity; III. Black Holes in Quantum Gravity and String Theory; IV. Other Topics in Contemporary Gravitation. Inspired by the foundational principle ``By acknowledging the past, we open a route to the future", the week-long meeting, envisioned as a forum for exchange between scientists from all locations and levels of education, drew participants from 15 countries across 4 continents. In addition to plenary talks from leading researchers, a special focus on young talent was provided, a feature underlined by the Springer Prize for the best student and junior presentations.

Temporal Quantum Correlations And Hidden Variable Models

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In this thesis, the main approach to the characterization of the set of classical probabilities, the correlation polytope approach, is reviewed for different scenarios, namely, hidden variable models discussed by Bell (local), Kochen and Specker (non-contextual), and Leggett and Garg (macrorealist). Computational difficulties associated with the method are described and a method to overcome them in several nontrivial cases is presented. For the quantum case, a general method to analyze quantum correlations in the sequential measurement scenario is provided, which allows computation of the maximal correlations. Such a method has a direct application for computation of maximal quantum violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities and it is relevant in the analysis of non-contextuality tests. Finally, possible applications of the results for quantum information tasks are discussed.

Diffractive Optics And Nanophotonics: Resolution Below The Diffraction Limit

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In this book the authors present several examples of techniques used to overcome the Abby diffraction limit using flat and 3D diffractive optical elements, photonic crystal lenses, photonic jets, and surface plasmon diffractive optics. The structures discussed can be used in the microwave and THz range and also as scaled models for optical frequencies. Such nano-optical microlenses can be integrated, for example, into existing semiconductor heterostructure platforms for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Chapter 1 considers flat diffractive lenses and innovative 3D radiating structures including a conical millimeter-wave Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens proposed for subwavelength focusing. In chapter 2 the subwavelength focusing properties of diffractive photonic crystal lenses are considered and it is shown that at least three different types of photonic crystal lens are possible. With the aim of achieving subwavelength focusing, in chapter 3 an alternative mechanism to produce photonic jets at Terahertz frequencies (terajets) using 3D dielectric particles of arbitrary size (cuboids) is considered. A scheme to create a 2D "teraknife" using dielectric rods is also discussed. In the final chapter the successful adaptation of free-space 3D binary phase-reversal conical FZPs for operation on surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves demonstrates that analogues of Fourier diffractive components can be developed for in-plane SPP 3D optics."/p> Review ing theory, modelling and experiment, this book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers working on nanophotonics and sub-wavelength focusing and imaging.

Experimental Methods Of Shock Wave Research

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This comprehensive and carefully edited volume presents a variety of experimental methods used in Shock Waves research. In 14 self contained chapters this 9th volume of the “Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library” presents the experimental methods used in Shock Tubes, Shock Tunnels and Expansion Tubes facilities. Also described is their set-up and operation. The uses of an arc heated wind tunnel and a gun tunnel are also contained in this volume. Whenever possible, in addition to the technical description some typical scientific results obtained using such facilities are described. Additionally, this authoritative book includes techniques for measuring physical properties of blast waves and laser generated shock waves. Information about active shock wave laboratories at different locations around the world that are not described in the chapters herein is given in the Appendix, making this book useful for every researcher involved in shock/blast wave phenomena.

Probing The Response Of Two-Dimensional Crystals By Optical Spectroscopy

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This thesis focuses on the study of the optical response of new atomically thin two-dimensional crystals, principally the family of transition metal dichalcogenides like MoS2. One central theme of the thesis is the precise treatment of the linear and second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. In addition to their significant scientific interest as fundamental material responses, these studies provide essential knowledge and convenient characterization tools for the application of these 2D materials in opto-electronic devices. Another important theme of the thesis is the valley physics of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. It is shown that the degeneracy in the valley degree of freedom can be lifted and a valley polarization can be created using a magnetic field, which breaks time reversal symmetry in these materials. These findings enhance our basic understanding of the valley electronic states and open up new opportunities for valleytronic applications using two-dimensional materials.

Charge And Spin Transport In Disordered Graphene-Based Materials

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This thesis presents an in-depth theoretical analysis of charge and spin transport properties in complex forms of disordered graphene. It relies on innovative real space computational methods of the time-dependent spreading of electronic wave packets. First a universal scaling law of the elastic mean free path versus the average grain size is predicted for polycrystalline morphologies, and charge mobilities of up to 300.000 cm2/V.s are determined for 1 micron grain size, while amorphous graphene membranes are shown to behave as Anderson insulators. An unprecedented spin relaxation mechanism, unique to graphene and driven by spin/pseudospin entanglement is then reported in the presence of weak spin-orbit interaction (gold ad-atom impurities) together with the prediction of a crossover from a quantum spin Hall Effect to spin Hall effect (for thallium ad-atoms), depending on the degree of surface ad-atom segregation and the resulting island diameter.

Challenges For The 21St Century

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The International Conference on Fundamental Sciences: Mathematics and Theoretical Physics provided a forum for reviewing some of the significant developments in mathematics and theoretical physics in the 20th century; for the leading theorists in these fields to expound and discuss their views on new ideas and trends in the basic sciences as the new millennium approached; for increasing public awareness of the importance of basic research in mathematics and theoretical physics; and for promoting a high level of interest in mathematics and theoretical physics among school students and teachers. This was a major conference, with invited lectures by some of the leading experts in various fields of mathematics and theoretical physics.

Adaptive Optics Progress Ed. By Robert K. Tyson

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This volume is a compilation of research and tutorials from a variety of international authors with expertise in theory, engineering, and technology. The book includes discussion of retinal imaging, solar astronomy, wavefront-sensorless adaptive optics systems, liquid crystal wavefront correctors, membrane deformable mirrors, digital adaptive optics, optical vortices, and coupled anisoplanatism. For over four decades there has been continuous progress in adaptive optics technology, theory, and systems development. Recently there also has been an explosion of applications of adaptive optics throughout the fields of communications and medicine in addition to its original uses in astronomy and beam propagation. Preface 1 Dual Conjugate Adaptive Optics Prototype for Wide Field High Resolution Retinal Imaging 2 Devices and Techniques for Sensorless Adaptive Optics 3 Liquid Crystal Wavefront Correctors 4 A Solar Adaptive Optics System 4 Modeling and Control of Deformable Membrane Mirrors 5 Digital Adaptive Optics: Introduction and Application to Anisoplanatic Imaging 6 Adaptive Optics and Optical Vortices 7 A Unified Approach to Analysing the Anisoplanatism of Adaptive Optical Systems

Understanding Phase Contrast Mr Angiography

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by Joseph Suresh Paul (Author), Subha Gouri Raveendran (Author) Providing many unique MATLAB codes and functions throughout, this book covers the basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), leading to an in-depth understanding of the concepts and tools required for analysis and interpretation of Phase Contrast MR Angiography (PC-MRA). The concept of PC-MRA is often difficult, but essential for practicing engineers and scientists working in MR related areas. The concepts are better understood by uniquely combining the physical principles of fluid flow and MR imaging, laid out by modeling the theory and applications using a commonly used software tool MATLAB®. The book starts with a detailed theory of PC-MRA followed by a description of various image processing methods, including detailed MATLAB codes used for their implementation. The flow concepts in the context of MR imaging are explained using MATLAB based simulations. 13 illus., 39 in colour Biomedical Engineering Medical and Radiation Physics Cardiac Imaging (new)

Revolutions In Twentieth-Century Physics

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The conceptual changes brought by modern physics are important, radical and fascinating, yet they are only vaguely understood by people working outside the field. Exploring the four pillars of modern physics - relativity, quantum mechanics, elementary particles and cosmology - this clear and lively account will interest anyone who has wondered what Einstein, Bohr, Schrodinger and Heisenberg were really talking about. The book discusses quarks and leptons, antiparticles and Feynman diagrams, curved space-time, the Big Bang and the expanding Universe. Suitable for undergraduate students in non-science as well as science subjects, it uses problems and worked examples to help readers develop an understanding of what recent advances in physics actually mean.

Microrna: Basic Science

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Editors: Santulli, Gaetano (Ed.) This volume explores microRNA pathophysiology, focusing on basic concepts in molecular and cellular biology. Chapters contributed by leading scientists examine recently discovered pathways in several processes, including aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hematopoiesis, and mitochondrial fitness. The authors contextualize microRNAs within epigenetics and micropeptidomics, angiongenesis and atherosclerosis, endometrial pathophysiology, and more. Throughout, numerous color photographs, diagrams of molecular pathways, and tables enhance the text. microRNA: Basic Science is an ideal companion to both microRNA: Medical Evidence and microRNA: Cancer. Taken together, these three books provide a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field, from the molecular level to clinical practice. It will be invaluable to medical students, physicians, and researchers, as a complete and unique guide in the exploration of microRNA in basic science, cancer and clinical practice. Dr. Gaetano Santulli received his MD and PhD at the University of Naples “Federico II”. A physician scientist, Dr. Santulli completed his postdoctoral training at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City, supported by an AHA fellowship and a Scientist Development Grant. Cardiologist, he authored more than 100 publications, including peer-reviewed articles in high impact journals, book chapters, and medical books. He is currently a faculty member of Columbia University. He lives in Manhattan. Dr. Santulli’s expertise comprises both clinical and basic research topics, including hypertension, diabetes, angiogenesis, heart failure, arrhythmias, vascular disorders, and skeletal muscle disease. He is a member of several international academic societies, including New York Academy of Sciences, American Heart Association (AHA), American Diabetes Association, European Society of Cardiology, Endocrine Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, European Association of Heart Failure, European Association of Echocardiography, Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions. He serves on the Editorial Boards of numerous medical Journals. 1 illus., 21 in colour Cell Physiology Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra Animal Biochemistry Molecular Medicine Human Physiology

Auditory Perception: An Analysis And Synthesis

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This revised and updated third edition describes the nature of sound, how sound is analyzed by the auditory system, and the rules and principles governing our interpretation of auditory input. It covers many topics including sound and the auditory system, locating sound sources, the basis for loudness judgments, perception of acoustic sequences, perceptual restoration of obliterated sounds, speech production and perception, and the relation of hearing to perception in general. Whilst keeping the consistent style of the previous editions, many new features have been added, including suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, a section on functional imaging of the brain, expanded information on pitch and infrapitch, and additional coverage of speech processing. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in auditory perception, behavioral sciences, psychology, neurobiology, architectural acoustics, and the hearing sciences will find this book an excellent guide.

Introduction To Plasma Physics And Controlled Fusion

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by Francis F. Chen (Author) The third edition of this classic text presents a complete introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion, written by one of the pioneering scientists in this expanding field. It offers both a simple and intuitive discussion of the basic concepts of the subject matter and an insight into the challenging problems of current research. This outstanding text offers students a painless introduction to this important field; for teachers, a large collection of problems; and for researchers, a concise review of the fundamentals as well as original treatments of a number of topics never before explained so clearly. In a wholly lucid manner the second edition covered charged-particle motions, plasmas as fluids, kinetic theory, and nonlinear effects. For the third edition, two new chapters have been added to incorporate discussion of more recent advances in the field. The new chapter 9 on Special Plasmas covers non-neutral plasmas, pure electron plasmas, solid and ultra-cold plasmas, pair-ion plasmas, dusty plasmas, helicon plasmas, atmospheric-pressure plasmas, sheath-bounded plasmas, reconnection and turbulence. Following this, chapter 10 describes Plasma Applications such as magnetic fusion (pinches, mirrors, FRCs, stellarators, tokamaks, spheromaks), plasma accelerators and FELs, inertial fusion, semiconductor etching, and spacecraft propulsion. This new revised edition remains an essential text for those new to the field and an invaluable reference source for established researchers. 234 illus., 78 in colour Plasma Physics Nuclear Energy Nuclear Engineering Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences Classical Electrodynamics, Wave Phenomena

The Quantum Handshake

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Authors: Cramer, John G This book shines bright light into the dim recesses of quantum theory, where the mysteries of entanglement, nonlocality, and wave collapse have motivated some to conjure up multiple universes, and others to adopt a "shut up and calculate" mentality. After an extensive and accessible introduction to quantum mechanics and its history, the author turns attention to his transactional model. Using a quantum handshake between normal and time-reversed waves, this model provides a clear visual picture explaining the baffling experimental results that flow daily from the quantum physics laboratories of the world. To demonstrate its powerful simplicity, the transactional model is applied to a collection of counter-intuitive experiments and conceptual problems. 56 illus., 34 in colour Quantum Physics Popular Science in Physics History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics

Heat Transfer Phenomena And Applications Ed. By Salim N. Kazi

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Study of heat transfer phenomena and applications are equally emphasized in this issue. Methodology of calculations in some application areas are incorporated in this book, such as differential analysis of heat recoveries with CFD in a tube bank, heating and ventilation of equipment and methods for analytical solution of nonlinear problems. Heat transfer calculations in different aspects of engineering applications are essential to aid engineering design of heat exchanging equipment. Minimizing of computational time is a challenging task faced by researchers and users. Numerical analysis is the prerequisite of design and for the manufacture of heat exchanging equipment. Some numerical and experimental information are presented with utmost skill. Similarly, the analytical solution of heat transfer is touched in this book. Section 1 Heat Transfer Calculations 1 Methodology to Calculate Boundary Conditions in a Single Isolated Helically Segmented Finned Tube Module 2 Calculation Methods for Heating and Ventilation System of Electrical Machines 3 Homotopy Perturbation Method to Solve Heat Conduction Equation Section 2 Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer 4 Numerical Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Energy Partition and Heat Transfer in Grinding 5 3-D Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Biomedical Applications 6 Developing 1-Dimensional Transient Heat Transfer Axi-Symmetric MM to Predict the Hardness, Determination LHP and to Study the Effect of Radius on E-LHP of Industrial Quenched Steel Bar 7 Computer Simulation of Thermal Processing for Food Section 3 Analytical Solution of Heat Transfer 8 Analytical Solutions to 3-D Bioheat Transfer Problems with or without Phase Change 9 Stochastic Analysis of Heat Conduction and Thermal Stresses in Solids: A Review 10 The Effects of Hall and Joule Currents and Variable Properties on an Unsteady MHD Laminar Convective Flow Over a Porous Rotating Disk with Viscous Dissipation Section 4 Heat Transfer Applications 11 Thermal Interaction Between a Human Body and a Vehicle Cabin 12 Entropy Generation Analysis of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with a Fermat Spiral as a Flow Distributor 13 Non-lsothermal Spontaneous Imbibition Process Including Condensation Effects and Variable Surface Tension 14 The Effects of Power Characteristics on the Heat Transfer Process in Various Types of Motionless Mixing Devices

An Introduction To Relativistic Processes And The Standard Model Of Electroweak Interactions

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These notes are designed as a guide-line for a course in Elementary Particle Physics for undergraduate students. The purpose is providing a rigorous and self-contained presentation of the theoretical framework and of the phenomenological aspects of the physics of interactions among fundamental constituents of matter. The first part of the volume is devoted to the description of scattering processes in the context of relativistic quantum field theory. The use of the semi-classical approximation allows us to illustrate the relevant computation techniques in a reasonably small amount of space. Our approach to relativistic processes is original in many respects. The second part contains a detailed description of the construction of the standard model of electroweak interactions, with special attention to the mechanism of particle mass generation. The extension of the standard model to include neutrino masses is also described. We have included a number of detailed computations of cross sections and decay rates of pedagogical and phenomenological relevance.

Interconnected Power Systems

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Authors: Li, Y., Yang, D., Liu, F., Cao, Y., Rehtanz, C. This book reports on the latest findings in the application of the wide area measurement systems (WAMS) in the analysis and control of power systems. The book collects new research ideas and achievements including a delay-dependent robust design method, a wide area robust coordination strategy, a hybrid assessment and choice method for wide area signals, a free-weighting matrices method and its application, as well as the online identification methods for low-frequency oscillations. The main original research results of this book are a comprehensive summary of the authors’ latest six-year study. The book will be of interest to academic researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in power systems who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of the WAMS. 143 in colour Energy Systems Energy Technology Signal, Image and Speech Processing Control , Robotics, Mechatronics

Understanding Spin Dynamics

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Experimental methods employing spin resonance effects (nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance) are broadly used in molecular science due to their unique potential to reveal mechanisms of molecular motion, structure, and interactions. The developed techniques bring together biologists investigating dynamics of proteins, material science researchers looking for better electrolytes, or nanotechnology scientists inquiring into dynamics of nano-objects. Nevertheless, one can profit from the rich source of information provided by spin resonance methods only when appropriate theoretical models are available. The obtained experimental results reflect intertwined quantum–mechanical and dynamical properties of molecular systems, and to interpret them one has to first understand the quantum–mechanical principles of the underlying processes. This book concentrates on the theory of spin resonance phenomena and the relaxation theory, which have been discussed from first principles to introduce the reader to the language of quantum mechanics used to describe the behaviour of atomic nuclei and electrons. There is a long way from knowing complex formulae to apply them correctly to describe the studied system. The book shows through examples how symbols can be "replaced" in equations by using properties of real systems to formulate descriptions that link the quantities observed in spin resonance experiments with dynamics and structure of molecules.

High-Energy Charged Particles: Their Chemistry And Use As Versatile Tools For Nanofabrication

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This book features comprehensive explanations from the classical theory of high-energy particle interactions with matter to their use for a novel nanofabrication technique for various organic soft materials. Potential readers include scientists and engineers in both academia and industry, as well as students of materials science, nanotechnology, and nuclear power engineering. Readers will learn about the historical research background of radiation chemistry and interactions of an accelerated particle with matter, and then move on to recent research topics having to do with nanofabrication of soft materials by using single charged particles with high energy. Target materials of the highlighted novel technique include proteins, thermo-responsive and photo-responsive polymers, semiconducting polymers, and even small organic molecules. The descriptions of these various newly developed nanomaterials will interest a broad spectrum of readers and provide them with a new perspective. The many conceptual illustrations and microscopic images of nanomaterials that are included will help readers to easily understand the contents of the book.

Energy Modeling And Computations In The Building Envelope

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Energy Modeling and Computations in the Building Envelope instills a deeper understanding of the energy interactions between buildings and the environment, based on the analysis of transfer processes operating in the building envelope components at the microscopic level. The author: Proposes a generalized physics model that describes these interactions at the microscopic level via the macroscopic characteristics of the building envelope Presents mathematical models that utilize classical analytical tools and can be used to perform quantitative predictions of the consequences of the energy interactions Reveals easy-to-apply engineering methods concerning the design and inspection of the building envelope, taking into account the effects of energy on the envelope Energy Modeling and Computations in the Building Envelope provides comprehensive coverage of this environmentally and economically important topic, from the physics of energy transfer to its numerical estimation. The book is especially useful to those looking to increase building energy efficiency, decrease the consumption of primary energy carriers, and raise the ecological sustainability of construction products.

Drying Phenomena: Theory And Applications

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Comprehensively covers conventional and novel drying systems and applications, while keeping a focus on the fundamentals of drying phenomena. Presents detailed thermodynamic and heat/mass transfer analyses in a reader-friendly and easy-to-follow approach Includes case studies, illustrative examples and problems Presents experimental and computational approaches Includes comprehensive information identifying the roles of flow and heat transfer mechanisms on the drying phenomena Considers industrial applications, corresponding criterion, complications, prospects, etc. Discusses novel drying technologies, the corresponding research platforms and potential solutions

Modern Nmr Approaches To The Structure Elucidation Of Natural Products: Volume 1: Instrumentation And Software

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Strychnine’s poisonous nature was known in 16th century Europe, and the alkaloid was isolated in pure form for the first time in 1818. Then began a more than century-long quest to unravel the structure of strychnine that led to two Nobel prizes, clearly without the assistance of the modern spectroscopic methods to which we now have access. In his 1963 report of the synthesis, Woodward said, "The tangled skein of atoms which constitutes its molecule provided a fascinating structural problem that was pursued intensively during the century just past, and was solved finally only within the last decade." The structure elucidation of complex natural products is facilitated today by access to modern instrumentation and experimental techniques. Using a modern 600 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a 1.7 mm cryogenic probe and a 1 mg sample, it is now possible to acquire a comprehensive suite of 2D NMR spectra that rigorously characterizes the complex structure of strychnine in a scant 24 hours. When the 2D NMR data are combined with Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation methods, the structure can be solved in mere seconds. It is against this historical backdrop that these two volumes regarding the Structure Elucidation of Natural Products by NMR is set. Volume 1 discusses contemporary NMR approaches including optimized and future hardware and experimental approaches to obtain both the highest quality and most appropriate spectral data for analysis. Volume 2 considers data processing and algorithmic based analyses tailored to natural product structure elucidation and reviews the application of NMR to the analysis of a series of different natural product families including marine natural products, terpenes, steroids, and carbohydrates. These books, bringing together acknowledged experts, uniquely focus on the combination of experimental approaches and modern hardware and software applied to the structure elucidation of natural products. The volumes will be an essential resource for NMR spectroscopists, natural product chemists and industrial researchers working on natural product analysis or the characterization of impurities and degradation products of pharmaceuticals that can be scarce as natural product samples.

The Physics Of Semiconductors

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Authors: Grundmann, Marius The 3rd edition of this successful textbook contains ample material for a comprehensive upper-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a special topic and begin supervised research. The textbook provides a balance between essential aspects of solid-state and semiconductor physics, on the one hand, and the principles of various semiconductor devices and their applications in electronic and photonic devices, on the other. It highlights many practical aspects of semiconductors such as alloys, strain, heterostructures, nanostructures, that are necessary in modern semiconductor research but typically omitted in textbooks. Coverage also includes additional advanced topics, such as Bragg mirrors, resonators, polarized and magnetic semiconductors, nanowires, quantum dots, multi-junction solar cells, thin film transistors, carbon-based nanostructures and transparent conductive oxides. The text derives explicit formulas for many results to support better understanding of the topics. The Physics of Semiconductors requires little or no prior knowledge of solid-state physics and evolved from a highly regarded two-semester course. In the third edition several topics are extended and treated in more depth including surfaces, disordered materials, amorphous semiconductors, polarons, thermopower and noise. More than 1800 references guide the reader to historic and current literature including original and review papers and books. 655 illus., 200 in colour Semiconductors Nanoscale Science and Technology Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation Solid State Physics

Handbook Of Granular Materials

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Granular systems arise in a variety of geological and industrial settings, from landslides, avalanches, and erosion to agricultural grains and pharmaceutical powders. Understanding the underlying physics that governs their behavior is the key to developing effective handling and transport mechanisms as well as appropriate environmental policies. Handbook of Granular Materials presents foundational techniques used to investigate granular systems, examples of their use in contemporary research, and extensions to granular-like systems that greatly expand the realm of study. The book provides guidance on how to conduct research in granular materials and explores promising directions for new research. The first several chapters cover various methods used by contemporary researchers to investigate granular materials. Subsequent chapters delve into broader themes of investigation, focusing on results rather than methodology. The final chapters describe three extended systems of granular media: suspensions, emulsions and foams, and colloids.

Recommendations For Fatigue Design Of Welded Joints And Components

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Authors: Hobbacher, A. F. This book provides a basis for the design and analysis of welded components that are subjected to fluctuating forces, to avoid failure by fatigue. It is also a valuable resource for those on boards or commissions who are establishing fatigue design codes. For maximum benefit, readers should already have a working knowledge of the basics of fatigue and fracture mechanics. The purpose of designing a structure taking into consideration the limit state for fatigue damage is to ensure that the performance is satisfactory during the design life and that the survival probability is acceptable. The latter is achieved by the use of appropriate partial safety factors. This document has been prepared as the result of an initiative by Commissions XIII and XV of the International Institute of Welding (IIW). 1 illus., 163 in colour Originally published by CRC Press, 1996 Operating Procedures, Materials Treatment Metallic Materials Continuum Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials

Acoustics Of Multi-Use Performing Arts Centers

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Explores the Science and Practice Of Acoustics for Arts Centers Employing the experiences of a world-renowned acoustician celebrated for the successful design of multi-use performing arts centers, Acoustics of Multi-Use Performing Arts Centers examines the complexities of this venue and discusses the challenges and solutions that arise in the concept, design, construction and commissioning phases. This book addresses the various programming needs of a multi-use performing arts center (needs that can range from symphony, opera and ballet to highly-amplified concerts and Broadway productions) and provides instruction from the planning of the initial concept to the final tuning stages. While assuming a basic understanding of the principals of sound, construction and performance, the author includes architectural drawings drawn to scale and presents case studies with in-depth discussion of undocumented halls. He also provides a full chapter on tuning multi-use halls and offers an inside look at design options for adjustable acoustics that include stage, pit and hall design. In addition, the book: Covers the fundamentals of acoustics as it relates to initial stages of multi-use hall design Explores the concepts of acoustics in terms of new and renovated spaces Defines the basic components of the building structure Examines floors, walls, ceilings, shells, and finishes and how they can be designed to achieve acoustic excellence Discusses how to use and tune adjustable acoustic systems in a multi-use hall in order to achieve acoustic excellence Designed as a step-by-step guide to achieving outstanding acoustics in multi-use performance spaces, Acoustics of Multi-Use Performing Arts Centers serves students, architects, engineers, designers and acousticians.

Nanobiophysics: Fundamentals And Applications

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Nanobiophysics is a new branch of science that operates at the interface of physics, biology, chemistry, material science, nanotechnology, and medicine. This book is the first one devoted to nanobiophysics and introduces this field with a focus on some selected topics related to the physics of biomolecular nanosystems, including nucleosomal DNA and model lipid membranes, nanobiohybrids involving DNA/RNA and single-walled carbon nanotubes, biomolecules deposited on nanoparticles, and nanostructured surfaces. It describes unique experimental physical methods that are used to study nanosized biostructures. It outlines the applied aspects of nanobiophysics, considering the state of art in the fabrication of two types of sensors: gas sensors, with a focus on breath gas detection, and nanophotonic sensors, with a focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detection in water samples. It also covers the development of nanoscale scaffolds for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cells, which is an important example of the possible application of nanobiophysics researches in nanomedicine.

Structural And Morphological Evolution In Metal-Organic Films And Multilayers

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Structural and Morphological Evolution in Metal-Organic Films and Multilayers presents major results of the authors’ work carried out on Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers. The authors address two important questions: Are metal-organic monolayer systems more like solids or more like liquids? Does a two-dimensional system have different kind of bonds than a bulk or three-dimensional body? The book reveals the richness hidden in these supposedly well-known systems, including saturated, aliphatic fatty acids. It examines the mechanisms behind the growth of monolayers and multilayers of the molecules primarily from a physicist’s point of view. The authors highlight the relationship between molecular structure and domain structure as well as the various physical properties. The book also explores the interplay between physics and chemistry in metal ions.

Bio-Synthetic Hybrid Materials And Bionanoparticles: A Biological Chemical Approach Towards Material Science

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There is much interest in using biological structures for the fabrication of new functional materials. Recent developments in the particle character and behaviour of proteins and viral particles have had a major impact on the development of novel nanoparticle systems with new functions and possibilities. Bio-Synthetic Hybrid Materials and Bionanoparticles approaches the subject by covering the basics of disciplines involved as well as recent advances in new materials. The first section of the book focusses on the design and synthesis of different bionanoparticles and hybrid structures including the use of genetic modification as well as by organic synthesis. The second section of the book looks at the self-assembling behaviour of bionanoparticles to form new materials. The final section looks at bionanoparticle-based functional systems and materials including chapters on biomedical applications and electronic systems and devices. Edited by leading scientists in bionanoparticles, the book is a collaboration between scientists with different backgrounds and perspectives which will initiate the next generation of bio-based structures, materials and devices.

Optical Multi-Bound Solitons

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Optical Multi-Bound Solitons describes the generation and transmission of multi-bound solitons with the potential to form the basis of the temporal coding of optical data packets for next-generation nonlinear optical systems. The book deals with nonlinear systems in terms of their fundamental principles, associated phenomena, and signal processing applications in contemporary optical systems for communications and laser systems, with a touch of mathematical representation of nonlinear equations to offer insight into the nonlinear dynamics at different phases. The text not only delineates the strong background physics of such systems but also: Discusses the phase evolution of the optical carriers under the soliton envelopes for the generation of multi-bound solitons Explains the generation of multi-bound solitons through optical fibers Examines new types of multi-bound solitons in passive and active optical resonators Conducts bi-spectral analyses of multi-bound solitons to identify the phase and power amplitude distribution property of bound solitons Presents experimental techniques for the effective generation of bound solitons Optical Multi-Bound Solitons provides extensive coverage of multi-bound solitons from the dynamics of their formation to their transmission over guided optical media. Appendices are included to supplement a number of essential definitions, mathematical representations, and derivations, making this book an ideal theoretical reference text as well as a practical professional guidebook.

Heat Treatment: Conventional And Novel Applications Ed. By Frank Czerwinski

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This book offers a broad review of recent global developments in an application of thermal and thermochemical processing to modify the microstructure and properties of a wide range of engineering materials. A mixture of conventional and novel applications, exploring a variety of processes employing heating, quenching and thermal diffusion, makes the book very useful for a broad audience of scientists and engineers from academia and industry. Preface 1 Design of Cooling Units for Heat Treatment 2 Regenerative Heat Treatment of Low Alloy Cast Steel 3 Novel Pt and Pd Based Core-Shell Catalysts with Critical New Issues of Heat Treatment, Stability and Durability for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells 4 Monitoring the Effects of Thermal Treatment on Properties and Performance During Battery Material Synthesis 5 Heat Treatment in Molecular Precursor Method for Fabricating Metal Oxide Thin Films 6 Lithium Niobiosilicate Glasses Thermally Treated 7 Cooling - As a "Heat Treatment" for the Mechanical Behavior of the Bulk Metallic Glass Alloys 8 Using "Heat Treatment" Method for Activation of OPC-Slag Mortars 9 Deformation Reduction of Bearing Rings by Modification of Heat Treating 10 A Review on the Heat Treatment of Al-Si-Cu/Mg Casting Alloys 11 Thermochemical Treatment of Metals 12 Carbonitriding of Materials in Low Temperature Plasma 13 Methodology of Thermal Research in Materials Engineering 14 Effects of Heat Treatments on the Thermo luminescence and Optically Stimulated Luminescence of Nanostructured Aluminate Doped with Rare-Earth and Semi-Metal Chemical Element 15 Post Deposition Heat Treatment Effects on Ceramic Superconducting Films Produced by Infrared Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser Deposition 16 Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Zirconium Oxide (Zr02)-Doped Titanium Oxide (Ti02) Thin Films Obtained via Sol-Gel Process

A Study Of The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Process: What Caused The Core Melt And Hydrogen Explosion?

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Written by an expert in the field, this book is perfect for those who would like to know what happened at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Part 1 of the book studies how core melts occurred in Fukushima Daiichi units 1, 2, and 3, respectively, based on evidence from the Three-Mile Island core melt accident and fuel behavior experiments performed in the 1970s under the cooperation between the United States, Germany, and Japan. This information explains the accident processes without contradicting data from Fukushima, which was published in the TEPCO report. The hydrogen explosions in units 1, 3, and 4 are also explained logically in conjunction with the above core melt process. Part 2 clarifies how the background radiation level of the site doubled: The first rise was just a leak from small openings in units 1 and 3 associated with fire-pump connection work. The second rise led to direct radioactive material release from unit 2. Evacuation dose adequacy and its timing are discussed with reference to the accident process, and the necessity for embankments surrounding nuclear power plants to increase protection against natural disasters is also discussed. New proposals for safety design and emergency preparedness are suggested based on lessons learned from the accident as well as from new experiences. Finally, a concept for decommissioning the Fukushima site and a recovery plan are introduced.

Liquid Crystals In Biotribology: Synovial Joint Treatment

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This book summarizes the theoretical and experimental studies confirming the concept of the liquid-crystalline nature of boundary lubrication in synovial joints. It is shown that cholesteric liquid crystals in the synovial liquid play a significant role in the mechanism of intra-articular friction reduction. The results of structural, rheological and tribological research of the creation of artificial synovial liquids containing cholesteric liquid crystals in natural synovial liquids are described. These liquid crystals reproduce the lubrication properties of natural synovia and provide a high chondroprotective efficiency. They were tested in osteoarthritis models and in clinical practice.

Dispersion Relations In Heavily-Doped Nanostructures

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This book presents the dispersion relation in heavily doped nano-structures. The materials considered are III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, Platinum Antimonide, stressed, GaSb, Te, II-V, HgTe/CdTe superlattices and Bismuth Telluride semiconductors. The dispersion relation is discussed under magnetic quantization and on the basis of carrier energy spectra. The influences of magnetic field, magneto inversion, and magneto nipi structures on nano-structures is analyzed. The band structure of optoelectronic materials changes with photo-excitation in a fundamental way according to newly formulated electron dispersion laws. They control the quantum effect in optoelectronic devices in the presence of light. The measurement of band gaps in optoelectronic materials in the presence of external photo-excitation is displayed. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, intense electric fields on the on the dispersion relation in heavily doped semiconductors and super-lattices are also discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for graduate students and researchers. The book is written for post graduate students, researchers and engineers.

Physics Of Soft Impact And Cratering

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This book focuses on the impact dynamics and cratering of soft matter to describe its importance, difficulty, and wide applicability to planetary-related problems. A comprehensive introduction to the dimensional analysis and constitutive laws that are necessary to discuss impact mechanics and cratering is first provided. Then, particular coverage is given to the impact of granular matter, which is one of the most crucial constituents for geophysics. While granular matter shows both solid-like and fluid-like behaviors, neither solid nor fluid dynamics is sufficient to fully understand the physics of granular matter. In order to reveal its fundamental properties, extensive impact tests have been carried out recently. The author reveals the findings of these recent studies as well as what remains unsolved in terms of impact dynamics. Impact crater morphology with various soft matter impacts also is discussed intensively. Various experimental and observational results up to the recent Itokawa asteroid’s terrain and nanocrater are reviewed and explained mainly by dimensional analysis. The author discusses perspectives of the relation between soft matter physics and planetary science, because it is an important step towards unifying physics and planetary science, in both of which fields crater morphology has been studied independently.

Modelling Behaviour

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by Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen (Editor), Martin Tamke (Editor), Christoph Gengnagel (Editor), Billie Faircloth (Editor), Fabian Scheurer (Editor) This book reflects and expands on the current trend in the building industry to understand, simulate and ultimately design buildings by taking into consideration the interlinked elements and forces that act on them. This approach overcomes the traditional, exclusive focus on building tasks, while posing new challenges in all areas of the industry from material and structural to the urban scale. Contributions from invited experts, papers and case studies provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the field, as well as perspectives from related disciplines, such as computer science. The chapter authors were invited speakers at the 5th Symposium "Modelling Behaviour", which took place at the CITA in Copenhagen in September 2015. 406 illus., 105 in colour Building Construction, HVAC, Refrigeration Structural Mechanics Building Types and Functions Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD, CAE) and Design Energy Efficiency (incl. Buildings)

The Primal Code

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The art of understanding has been going to seed for ages; long lost in the fog of advanced mathematics. The Primal Code Theory deals with layers of unknown worlds far below the Planck constant. The Primal Code does not infringe on a Standard Model that is totally unaware of any hidden principles serving as its foundation; its painstakingly constructed mathematical model of particle physics, an irrefutable edifice of human ingenuity is unfortunately built on the wrong kind of quantum sand. The Primal Code is based on the behavior of a corporeal primal atom split out of zero with an adverse twin atom. It lays out a handful of principles on how and why a primal particle with no inherent internal qualities (except its relation to zero) can cause identical random splits. The primal atom is all there is. It has no energy in any sense of the word. By splits, it can through proliferate and gather in clouds but as the smallest Universal unit, it cannot project any external effects across a void. It does however have a unique coordinate relation to other atoms, a coordinate system relative to any linear Universal movement and rotation. These coordinates are not really an inherent property of atoms. The Primal Code lays out a handful of inviolable principles that govern this world, a blend of parental and newborn coordinates; the only thing keeping the Universe going. The conceptual Primal Code explains the nature of material systems with duality of mass and movement where collective primal interactions lead to all the different faces of primal energy that reach us sifted through many layers of material systems that warp them like funny mirrors reflecting our faces. The Primal Code takes you from the smallest Big Bang ever conceived through formation of gargantuan globular Mattrons of 10912 primal particles built of equal number of primal matter and antimatter atoms in a salient blend (which is which does not matter). The immense Mattrons are absurdly smaller than the Planck constant and are hardly ever split into two adverse singular Mattrons that are electromagnetic photons but it happens occasionally with interesting consequences. This book tells you why globular neutral Hydrons form of 10228 Mattrons and shows how Hydrons exchange primal emission from the rare primal splits. Neutrons, Protons, Electrons and even Neutrinos are all Hydrons that can communicate by rarified coronas of singular mattrons. This book shows what Gravity is and explains the Gravitational Constant. It illustrates the Strong force and electromagnetic wavelength and frequency and reasons for photoelectric effects and photon absorption. The hard thing for the reader is to lose the baggage of a lifetime and travel light. All the inviolable logic is built solely on the Primal code. It is not an accessory to the Standard Model but an entirely self-contained theory of matter and antimatter. There is no help to be had elsewhere. The one question the Primal Code cannot answer as its material layers peek above the parapet of the Planck constant is why its garbled material world, of which the Standard Model knows nothing, looks exactly like our Universe with all its natural laws. Perhaps in time, the Primal Code can provide a firmer foundation for the Standard Model of particle physics. The conceptual illustrations of the Primal Code allow you to grasp the elegant organization of a Universe.

Forces Of The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction To Casimir Physics

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Forces of the Quantum Vacuum presents a number of theoretical approaches to Casimir, van der Waals and Casimir-Polder forces that have been fruitfully employed in mainstream research, and also reviews the experimental evidence for Casimir forces. Beginning with basic ideas in quantum mechanics and building its way to a sophisticated form of macroscopic QED, the book provides an inspiring training manual for graduate students to develop in a natural progression the ideas needed for modern theoretical research on Casimir forces.

Fluid-Structure Interaction: An Introduction To Finite Element Coupling

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Fluid-Structure Interaction: An Introduction to Finite Element Coupling fulfils the need for an introductive approach to the general concepts of Finite and Boundary Element Methods for FSI, from the mathematical formulation to the physical interpretation of numerical simulations. Based on the author s experience in developing numerical codes for industrial applications in shipbuilding and in teaching FSI to both practicing engineers and within academia, it provides a comprehensive and self contained guide that is geared toward both students and practitioners of mechanical engineering. Composed of six chapters, Fluid Structure Interaction: An Introduction to Finite Element Coupling progresses logically from formulations and applications involving structure and fluid dynamics, fluid and structure interactions and opens to reduced order-modelling for vibro-acoustic coupling. The author describes simple yet fundamental illustrative examples in detail, using analytical and/or semi analytical formulation & designed both to illustrate each numerical method and also to highlight a physical aspect of FSI. All proposed examples are simple enough to be computed by the reader using standard computational tools such as MATLAB, making the book a unique tool for self learning and understanding the basics of the techniques for FSI, or can serve as verification and validation test cases of industrial FEM/BEM codes rendering the book valuable for code verification and validation purposes.

Dark Matter And The Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness Of The Universe

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In this brilliant exploration of our cosmic environment, the renowned particle physicist and New York Times bestselling author of Warped Passages and Knocking on Heaven’s Door uses her research into dark matter to illuminate the startling connections between the furthest reaches of space and life here on Earth. Sixty-six million years ago, an object the size of a city descended from space to crash into Earth, creating a devastating cataclysm that killed off the dinosaurs, along with three-quarters of the other species on the planet. What was its origin? In Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, Lisa Randall proposes it was a comet that was dislodged from its orbit as the Solar System passed through a disk of dark matter embedded in the Milky Way. In a sense, it might have been dark matter that killed the dinosaurs. Working through the background and consequences of this proposal, Randall shares with us the latest findings—established and speculative—regarding the nature and role of dark matter and the origin of the Universe, our galaxy, our Solar System, and life, along with the process by which scientists explore new concepts. In Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, Randall tells a breathtaking story that weaves together the cosmos’ history and our own, illuminating the deep relationships that are critical to our world and the astonishing beauty inherent in the most familiar things.